Data analysis is one of the most crucial stages undertaken by a scientific researcher during their study, particularly in survey studies. This stage involves organizing and analyzing data to transform it into new information that addresses the research questions posed and tests the hypotheses in the study.

It includes several methodological procedures, such as selecting the appropriate scale, ensuring its validity and reliability, determining the suitable sample size for analysis, and progressing through descriptive and inferential analysis. This process also involves choosing the appropriate statistical methods and software tools.