{"id":25769,"date":"2026-09-03T13:55:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T13:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/?post_type=journal-paper&#038;p=25769"},"modified":"2026-09-03T13:55:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T13:55:37","slug":"review-of-postmortem-interval-estimation-in-forensic-science-the-classical-triad-environmental-factors-and-sources-of-error","status":"publish","type":"journal-paper","link":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/journal-paper\/review-of-postmortem-interval-estimation-in-forensic-science-the-classical-triad-environmental-factors-and-sources-of-error\/","title":{"rendered":"Review of postmortem interval estimation in forensic science: The classical triad, environmental factors, and sources of error"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"padding_abstract justify ltr\">The precise determination of the Postmortem Interval (PMI)\u2014defined as the temporal duration elapsed since the occurrence of death\u2014constitutes a fundamental yet challenging endeavor within forensic pathology and medicolegal death investigation. Whilst contemporary molecular and entomological methodologies demonstrate enhanced precision for protracted post-mortem stages, the estimation of the early PMI (\u226472 hours post-mortem) remains substantially contingent upon systematic observation and rigorous analysis of the classical triad of postmortem changes: namely, algor mortis (postmortem cooling), rigor mortis (postmortem stiffening), and livor mortis (postmortem lividity). This comprehensive literature-based review systematically examines the physiological mechanisms, predictable progression patterns, and inherent limitations of these conventional indices. Notably, the investigation emphasizes the profound and frequently unpredictable modulatory effects of extrinsic environmental conditions and intrinsic body-related characteristics on the kinetics of these phenomena, thereby introducing substantial inter-individual variability and systematic errors in temporal estimation. Through detailed analysis of documented cases exemplifying significant estimation errors, this review underscores the imperative necessity of employing integrated, multi-modal analytical methodologies to reduce the margin of uncertainty and establish more scientifically defensible timelines for medicolegal investigations and forensic jurisprudence.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":25775,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"journal-name":[221],"paper-tag":[232,275,231],"class_list":["post-25769","journal-paper","type-journal-paper","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","journal-name-sasj","paper-tag-issue-2","paper-tag-november-2025","paper-tag-volume-2"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal-paper\/25769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal-paper"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/journal-paper"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"journal-name","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/journal-name?post=25769"},{"taxonomy":"paper-tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scientificassociation.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/paper-tag?post=25769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}